Executive summary
Governing competition over water, settlement, and livelihoods through impartial protection and durable public institutions.
Abstract
This paper examines how environmental pressure and settlement expansion can turn competition over water and grazing into rival claims to territory and authority. It proposes shared access rules, credible protection, enforceable settlements, accountable public security, and transparent investment to preserve internal cohesion and strategic autonomy.
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Authors: Mustafe G. Guufe, Abdirahman Tigey, and Aziiza Mohamed.
Citation
Environmental Pressure and Clan Competition in Puntland: Internal cohesion, public authority, and strategic autonomy. Puntland Strategic and Policy Institute. 2027 edition.
